Cultural Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

True love in Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Genuine affection in Hamlet Essay Something is spoiled in the province of Denmark, (1.4.89) Marcellus so carefully expressed not knowing the accuracy behind his words. Different discourse traded all through the play discretely summed up occasions that occurred. Horatio demonstrated this moment that he expressed Of fleshly, wicked, and unnatural acts, of unintentional decisions, easygoing butchers, of passings put on by crafty and forcd cause, and in this aftereffect, purposes mixed up falln on th innovators heads. (5.2.381-5)These statements could without much of a stretch identify with various occasions that occurred over the span of the play, be that as it may, none of them are all the more fascinating then the subject of genuine affection. The words genuine affection don't envelop Hamlet and Ophelia; in any case, Gertrude and Claudius. Numerous perusers of Hamlet expect that Gertrude and Claudius were frantically infatuated with out genuinely researching the idea of their marriage. Most contentions on this subject are exclusively based around one misread and ignored entry. The apparition unmistakably articulated Ay, that perverted, that contaminate monster, (1.5.42) at the same time, what did the soul really mean? To grasp what the apparition implied by these words, the sentence should be separated. Single word explicitly assumes a huge job in how the connection among Claudius and Gertrude is deciphered. The word contaminate has numerous definitions; fake, debased by intermixture, to distort, to make tainted or substandard, or to degenerate. On the off chance that these definitions are applied to the attributes of Claudius (to whom the apparition was alluding to), or, with the impact Claudius has on Gertrude; it is handily comprehended why such huge numbers of are erroneously lead to accept that Claudius and Gertrude were participating in a depraved relationship, this is brought about by absence of assessment. The single word taint opens endless entryways left to be explored. Questions emerge that could change ones point of view toward the whole play. For example, Did Gertrude think about Claudius intends to kill old Hamlet?; What did Gertrude gain by damaging Claudius?; What did Claudius need to pick up by defacing Gertrude?; Were they personally included before old Hamlets passing? lastly, were Claudius and Gertrude in love?As to the topic of climate or not Gertrude thought about the planned homicide of old Hamlet, the appropriate response is no. There are uncountable models that demonstrate this to be a bogus suspicion. During the mouse trap, a presentation acted by the players, a scene that portrays a ruler conversing with his sovereign about death, the player sovereign discusses again and again her everlasting adoration for the lord: In second spouse let me be accursd! None marry the second however who killd the first. (3.2.179-80) Another prime model would be the point at which she e xpressed; A second time I kill my better half dead, when second spouse kisses me in bed. (3.2.184-5) Hamlet not long after went to his mom and asked Madam, how like you this play? (3.2.229) The woman doth fight excessively, methinks, (3.2.230) the sovereign answered inferring that she thought the player sovereign made void guarantees. Had the Gertrude thought about Claudius intends to kill old Hamlet, unquestionably she would have recognized what the play was about and she would have showcased the manner in which Claudius did when he required the lights after he at long last acknowledged what was happening. Additionally, after the play, Hamlet had a gathering with his mom, during their discussion, Hamlet discovered that somebody was holing up behind the arras, he executed this individual and minutes after the fact found it was Polonius. In a trade of words among Hamlet and Gertrude, we see that Gertrude is stunned at the notice of old Hamlets murder:Queen: O, what a rash and grisly deed is this!Hamlet: A wicked deed! Nearly as terrible, great mother, as slaughter a lord, and marrywith his sibling. .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .postImageUrl , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:visited , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:active { border:0!important; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:active , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives EssayQueen: As murder a king!Hamlet: Ay, woman, it was my assertion. Gertrude depicts a shallow, conceited lady. On numerous events Gertrude proves this point. She will in general be worried about different people groups considerations of her and how she is seen in their eyes. Since she didn't mull over old Hamlets demise, she was floored to discover that he was dead. When she got updates on his destruction, she momentarily started to consider what might befall her on the off chance that she not, at this point held the seat. Legitimately, Hamlet ought to have assumed his dads position at the illustrious seat, if this had been along these lines, Gertrude would have lost a plentiful measure of intensity in Denmark. In all actuality, she would consistently be known as a sovereign for the rest of here life, yet she would never again be considered at the highest point of regal procedures. This origination terrified her exceedingly. Since Claudius graphed the fate of old Hamlet, it can tentatively be resolved that he would have known Gertrudes response to t he news, when she was over the underlying stun. He started to entice Gertrude and put wrong thoughts into her head of how she would without a doubt become an overlooked Queen. Claudius likewise gave her ways she could stay in the seat of state, she could remarry. Who preferred to remarry over himself is all the more then likely the defense he moved toward her with. Gertrude, similar to Claudius, would have successfully hold the seat. Claudius was a force ravenous and envious man. He was jealous of his siblings position in Denmark and got savage in the odyssey to get what his sibling had. He himself expressed this while petitioning God for his offenses, I am still possessd of those impacts for which I did murther: my crown, mine own aspiration, and my queen.(3.2.53-5) It is understandable to perceive what Claudius needed to pick up by wedding Gertrude, he didnt love her, he needed his withdrew siblings assets. The word contaminate, which so frequently distorts an undying relationship among Gertrude and Claudius, is just referenced once all through the aggregate of the play. Gertrudes sins are talked about on various events. In act III scene IV, a squabble among Hamlet and his mom permits Hamlet to show her numerous wrongdoings makes marriage pledges as bogus as dicers promises/You can't call it love, for at your age the prime in the blood is agreeable. (3.4.44:68) Not once all through their whole exchange does Hamlet notice anything about his mom submitting infidelity. There is one noticeable occasion when Claudius and Gertrudes love is put being investigated. During the fencing match, Gertrude got the cup which suited toxic substance put into the cup by Claudius. Gertrude, don't drink. (5.2.290) These were the main words Claudius addressed keep his caring spouse from biting the dust before his eyes. To the crowd he spoke, It is the poisned cup, it is past the point of no return. (5.2.292) This announcement alone demonstrated that Claudius adored the seat and the force joined by it all the more then he cherished Gertrude. Utilizing this guide to demonstrate that Claudius and Gertrude were not in affection can be noted as an uneven contention. Claudius demonstrated to the crowd that he didn't adore Gertrude, in any case, the inquiry as to climate or not Gertrude cherished Claudius despite everything stays hesitant. It very well may be inferred that Claudius assurance ruined Gertrude and made her into a fake figure, in Hamlets eyes by and by. In the start of the play, Hamlet was incredibly fondness toward his mom. As the play advanced, Hamlet turned out to be increasingly harsh and sharp with her. Hamlet didnt accept that his mom and Claudius were enamored, he didnt appear to mind, he was progressively keen on saving his dads respect. .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 , .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 .postImageUrl , .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 , .u32f2f54168b6629

Theory of Planned Behavior Definition, Explained, Examples

Theory of Planned Behavior Definition, Explained, Examples Have you ever wondered what makes human beings react in the way they do? Imagine how powerful you would become if you had the ability to accurately predict how people would react in different scenarios.With this ability, you would most likely end up a rich car salesman who knows just what to say and do to make customers buy.Human beings are curious by nature and we will always have a tendency to look for the reason behind why people act the way they do. When your set foot into a car yard looking to buy a car, you are bombarded with a number of options. Sometimes, you might even find two closely similar cars on display. After all has been said and done, you will only pick one car.The same is true about work assignments. When you are given a task, you will usually have different possible approaches that you can take. However, you will only end up picking one approach.What could have motivated you to react to the stimulus in the way you did? What could have driven you to choose a specif ic car from dozens of cars in the yard? What influenced your decision-making process that you went through to arrive at a final decision?Certainly, one of the most difficult things to get a firm and full handle on is human behavior. It certainly doesn’t help that individuals are unique in their own ways, and that they cannot be boxed in categories especially when it comes to behavior. Not all people react in the same way, or behave in the same manner, even under the exact same circumstances. There are various factors at play, and these are what psychologists and thinkers have been trying to study and make sense of in the past few decades.Studies on human behavior have resulted in a multitude of theories and assumptions, with psychologists and researchers postulating this or that. Some of them make sense, others made enough of an impact to still be considered valid today, and there are others that have already been generally accepted as fact. In this discussion, we will take a look at one of these assumptions, known as the Theory of Planned Behavior, or TPB.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIORBefore we can fully proceed to understanding the Theory of Planned Behavior, it is important to retrace the earlier steps that led to its development. There were several earlier theories that contributed to the development of the TPB, and the two most recognizable ones were the Information Integration Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action.The Information Integration TheoryAfter a series of experiments, Norman Anderson first introduced the Information Integration Theory in 1971. In his theory, Anderson tried to explore and describe how the mixing or combination (integration) of new information with existing thoughts or cognitions results in the formation and/or changes in one’s attitudes. In short, before an individual can make a final or overall judgment, he will still undergo a process of integrating information, d erived from various sources, in aid of arriving at that judgment.Anderson’s theory holds that a persuasive message is composed of ideas, which are relevant pieces or bits of information, with each bit defined by two qualities:Value, or the favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the bit of informationWeight, or the perceived importance of the bit of informationThis is described further in the proposed three functions in the integration process:Valuation, or setting value and weight on the information derived from various sources, with respect to multiple stimuli;Integration, or mixing or combining new information with existing information into one psychological response; andResponse, or the translation of the impression from the integration into an overall observable response or behavior.Basically, it describes how one piece of information can be viewed and perceived differently by two individuals, based on the differences of their value and weight. As an illustration, let us take a look at two female employees talking about the maternity leave and benefits package offered by the company they work for, and why they have differing attitudes toward it.Let’s call the first employee Mary. Mary is newly-wed, with plans of starting a family very soon. Let’s call the second employee Ashley. Unlike Mary, Ashley is committed to being single and prioritizing her career over building a family. For Mary, the package is definitely a good idea, since it is in line with her personal goals. It allows her to start a family and get back to her career. As a result, the package has a positive value.Ashley, on the other hand, does not think the same. The package has negative value because of her opinion that the package merely encourages women to take a long break from work. From her perspective, this long break might derail any career opportunity that might present itself in the interim.Clearly, the package holds more weight for Mary, since it is something that matters to he r (specifically her plans to have children while remaining an employee of the company). It does not hold as much weight for Ashley, since it does not directly affect any of her immediate personal and career plans.Although Ashley may start out looking unfavorably at the maternity package and its implications, the situation is not going to stay that way forever. When she obtains or learns new and positive pieces of information, a change of heart is likely to occur.For example, she may not like the idea of giving up career opportunities in order to get pregnant and have a child. With that said, it’s likely that she is not entirely against the idea of having a child. Her only concern is allowing her career to suffer at the expense of motherhood. What was initially an uncaring attitude about putting family over career may be made lighter or more positive when she starts to know more about the joys of motherhood.In essence, everybody is allowed to have an unfavorable or favorable attitu de about something. However, these attitudes are not set in stone. They, too, can change, thanks to the integration of new information with already existing information. In fact, this integration can completely erase the old attitude and give rise to a new and totally different one, so don’t be surprised when Ashley is suddenly the first to take the package.A really awesome in-depth presentation on the  Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness. The Theory of Reasoned ActionIt was in 1980 when Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen developed and introduced the Theory of Reasoned Action, mainly as an enhancement of Anderson’s Information Integration Theory.The enhancement comes in the inclusion of another factor into the equation: “behavioral intent” (or “behavioral intention”) and how, along with an individual’s pre-existing attitudes, these intentions can predict or even ultimately predict his responses or behaviors. In short, a person’s behavior will be affected or in fluenced, not only by his attitude or perceptions, but also by his expectations, or the anticipated outcomes that the behavior is likely to provide or lead to.The Theory of Reasoned Action, or TRA, theory posits that behavioral intention is shaped by three elements or factors:The individual’s attitude, or personal opinion, on whether a specific behavior is good or bad, positive or negative, favorable or otherwise. The attitude must be specific, since this specificity will allow the prediction in the resulting behavior.The prevailing subjective norms, or the social pressure arising from other people’s expectations, as seen from the individual’s point of view. This, in turn, has two components:The individual’s normative beliefs, or what he perceives to be what other people want or expect; andThe individual’s motivation, or need, to comply with what other people want or expect.The perceived behavioral control of the individual, or his perception of his ability to perform a sp ecific behavior.It is said that the “best predictor of behavior is intention”. To be more specific, we are referring to behavioral intention when we simply say intention, or the “cognitive indication of the readiness of an individual to perform a specific behavior”.Thus, behavioral intention is seen as the precursor immediately leading up to the actual behavior, meaning a person will react or decide, depending on the behavioral intention formed or developed.This relationship between the intention and the actual behavior is influenced by three conditions.The behavioral intention must be specific, in order to predict a specific behavior;The intention must remain constant or stable from the time it is given or measured until the time of actual performance of the behavior; andThe individual has full control on whether to perform the behavior or not, indicating complete volitional control, so that behavior is 100% voluntary.In the Information Integrity Theory, an individual’s a ctions are influenced by his attitudes and perceptions. The TRA recognizes the reality that, although his attitudes indicate a specific behavior, his perceived social norms may contradict it, suggesting an entirely different response or behavior. This combination, which could mean reinforcement or contradiction, as the case may be, will be used to predict his behavioral intention.Let’s face it: an intention is just an intention. It won’t always end up as an action. How many times have you intended to wake up early but you still snoozed when the alarm went off? This nature of an intention also happens to be the major argument against this theory.Here comes another example: You have every intention to quit smoking and you have a commitment to completely abstain from the act and shun cigarettes. However, this intention alone is not enough proof that you will actually do it.This means that the implementation of these intention is usually not 100%.Some behaviors are not totally volun tary. This gave rise to another way of looking at things, and that is the TPB.THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIORThe Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is seen as an improvement to the TRA, often mentioned and discussed with it. This makes sense, since the TPB reinforces and adds to the assumptions in the TRA.The TPB maintains what TRA postulated about human behavior being governed by one’s attitudes and behavioral intentions characterized by the presence of social norms and the exercise of volitional control. However, it incorporates several modifications that allows for greater accuracy and reliability in understanding one’s attitudes and predicting his deliberate, planned, and resulting actual behavior.Core Assumptions of TPBRational thinking finally enters the picture in this theory were, when employed, results in rational considerations that, in turn, influence and govern the choices, decisions, and behaviors of an individual.The Theory of Planned Behavior upholds the key assumpti ons contained in the Theory of Reasoned Action, with certain modifications of its own.Deriving from the suppositions in TRA, the intentions of the individual largely reflects his personal attitudes, or their perception on the extent of favorability of an act. This will also be influenced by his perceived and cognitive beliefs about the act.Again, just like in TRA, the subjective norms that the individual is exposed or privy to will also have an impact on his intentions. This is in recognition of man being, by nature, a social creature, so that he will no doubt care about what others think or belief. More often than not, if society demonstrates general favorability toward an act, it is highly likely that the individual will think the same, his intentions largely shaped by the extent of approval (and disapproval) by family, friends, co-workers, or pretty much any person he trusts.The intentions and the resulting behaviors of the individual are affected by their perceived behavioral co ntrol, or what they think and believe to be their ability to actually perform or engage in the said behaviors. Succeeding literature on TPB led to the identification of the two clear facets of this perceived behavioral control:Internal control: This is basically how the individual perceives his own control to be like. It focuses on how the individual sees himself as being in control when it comes to performing the specific behavior in question, and this mostly has a lot to do with the sufficiency of his knowledge, skills and abilities, and the amount of discipline he wields while performing the behavior.External control: Other external factors also have a way of shaping how an individual behaves. For example, the acceptance or approval of family, friends, and peers is likely to influence a person into developing a positive attitude toward a behavior, bolstering his intention to see the specific action to the end. Time is also another factor that is external, but will no doubt impact one’s level of behavioral control.The TPB is more cognizant of how it is highly probably for one’s intention to be completely different with behavior is deliberately planned and carried out. This is mostly traced to the divergence of the level of perceived behavioral control with that of the actual control exercised or employed.We will understand this further as we take a look at the TPB Model or TPB Diagram.The TPB ModelAjzen and Fishbein presented the Theory of Planned Behavior Model, or a diagram that simplifies the key concepts of the theory. That model is presented below. © Wikipedia Commons | Robert OrzannaHere is another representation of the same model. © http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/01/07105336/3The above diagram clearly presents the key variables of TPB, and they are grouped into three.Behavioral BeliefsAn individual’s behavioral beliefs serve as the link between his Behavior to the Outcome that the behavior is expected to produce or bring about.It is a person’s behavioral beliefs that will have a direct influence on his attitude toward a behavior. If the expected outcome is something favorable, then there is no doubt that he will also have a positive attitude toward the behavior, increasing the likelihood of actual performance.Essentially, the behavioral beliefs of the person will focus on the issue on whether a behavior is favorable or unfavorable.Normative BeliefsIf decisions on actions and behaviors were made solely by the individual, predicting his responses is definitely going to be easy as pie. However, since there are other â€" internal and external â€" factors at play, that is not the case.Normative beliefs involve the key people or characters around the individual, specifically their behavioral expectations as he perceives them to be. On top of that, it is also shaped in part by the level of importance that he places on these people’s expectations. Together, these determine the subjective norm that will play an important part in his decisions on whether to behave in a certain way or not.For example, a person is trying to decide whether he should quit smoking or not. He knows that smoking is something that his spouse, children and the co-workers he is in close proximity with at the office every day, find distasteful or unfavorable.The opinion of his family is very important to him, so he feels that he needs to acquiesce with their preference for him not to smoke. However, it is a different story at the workplace. He could not care less what his co-workers think about his smoking habit, and the absence of a company rule or policy on smoking at work does nothing to motivate him to comp ly with what his co-workers want or expect.As a result, his response is likely to be selective when it comes to smoking. When he’s at home or in the company of his family, he will not smoke. When at work, or with his co-workers, that’s the only time he will feel comfortable about smoking.Control BeliefsYou may perceive the presence of factors (called ‘control factors’) that will have an impact on how the performance of the action will go. These are the control beliefs, which will dictate your perceived behavioral control. Each control factor can be viewed individually, and your perception of the power of one control factor may be different from the power of the other control factors. If there is a high probability that the powerful control factor is present, you are very likely to carry out the action in line with the powerful factor.Let’s go back to the smoking example.One control factor is a company policy on smoking in the workplace. If there is no specific policy or if there is one but it is not enforced, you will perceive the control factor to be weak, with no power at all. If, in contrast, there is a “no smoking within company premises” policy in place, with corresponding sanctions for offenders, it becomes so powerful as to have an influence on your behavioral control, and playing a major role in your consideration on whether to stop smoking at the workplace or not.When combined, all three beliefs will result in your behavioral intention which will inevitably, will lead to the behavior itself. There is a direct relationship between these three elements. If both the attitudes and subjective norms are positive and you strongly believe that you can perform a specific behavior, then it is bound to strengthen your intention and resolve to actually behave in that expected manner.However, if you take a closer look at the model, you will find that your perceived behavioral control does not cease to be relevant once the intention has been developed , since it will still affect the behavior. This means that even after starting the action, there is still a possibility that your perception of your ability to actually carry it through can still affect performance.Scope and Applications of TPBThe Theory of Planned Behavior has found an extensive scope, being used in various fields and industries, and in varied applications. Not surprisingly, it has become widely used in the field of behavioral and psychological research and evaluation studies.Ajzen himself used the TPB in various researches, such as the one he co-wrote on the applicability of TPB to Leisure Choice, published in the Journal of Leisure Research (1992) and, earlier, in 1991, on the applicability of TPB in predicting leisure participation, published in Leisure Sciences.Whether it’s a social issue or a health issue, TPB has found acceptable applicability. Political entities rely on its concepts to predict voting behavior of electorates. Health care facilities, pharmac ological companies, and even governments employ the key concepts of TPB in studying and predicting human behavior on matters such as disease prevention, birth control, and family planning, to name a few.Businesses and organizations also accepted the application of TPB, recognizing its input when it comes to organizational processes and decision-making processes. In fact, even marketers found a great use for TPB, incorporating it in predicting market consumption, as well as the behavior of customers and competitors.What makes the TPB more acceptable than, say, the TRA, is how it is cognizant of factors or elements that are out of the person’s control or full volition. The predictability of intentions and behavior is definitely higher than TRA, or other prior theories on predicting and understanding human behavior.Granted, the TPB is not without its limitations, and the main argument against it is how it puts no value or importance on emotion, which is seen by many as one of the key elements that determine or drive one’s behavior. No doubt, the continuous study on human behavior, particularly on planned and reasoned actions and decisions, will result in better and more encompassing theories in the future. For now, the TPB does a great job at it, which explains its wide usage in various fields and industries.

The Number Pi 3.14159265...

One of the most widely used constants throughout mathematics is the number pi, which is denoted by the Greek letter Ï€. The concept of pi originated in geometry, but this number has applications throughout mathematics and shows up in far-ranging subjects including statistics and probability. Pi has even gained cultural recognition and its own holiday, with the celebration of Pi Day activities around the world. The Value of Pi Pi is defined as the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. The value of pi is slightly greater than three, which means that every circle in the universe has a circumference with a length that is a little more than three times its diameter. More precisely, pi has a decimal representation that begins 3.14159265... This is only part of the decimal expansion of pi. Pi Facts Pi has many fascinating and unusual features, including:   Pi is an irrational real number. This means that pi cannot be expressed as a fraction a/b where a and b are both integers. Although the numbers 22/7 and 355/113 are helpful in estimating pi, neither of these fractions is the true value of pi.Because pi is an irrational number, its decimal expansion never terminates or repeats. There are some questions concerning this decimal expansion, such as:  Does every possible string of digits show up somewhere in the decimal expansion of pi? If every possible string does appear, then your cell phone number is somewhere in the expansion of pi (but so is everyone else’s).Pi is a transcendental number. This means that pi is not the zero of a polynomial with integer coefficients. This fact is important when exploring more advanced features of pi.Pi is important geometrically, and not just because it relates the circumference and diameter of a circle. This number also shows up in the formula for the area of a circle. The area of a circle of radius r is A pi r2. The number pi is used in other geometric formulas, such as the surface area and volume of a sphere, the volume of a cone, and the volume of a cylinder with a circular base.Pi appears when least expected. For one of many examples of this, consider the infinite sum 1 1/4 1/9 1/16 1/25 ... This sum converges to the value pi2/6. Pi in Statistics and Probability Pi makes surprising appearances throughout mathematics, and some of these appearances are in the subjects of probability and statistics. The formula for the standard normal distribution, also known as the bell curve, features the number pi as a constant of normalization. In other words, dividing by an expression involving pi allows you to say that the area under the curve is equal to one. Pi is part of the formulas for other probability distributions as well. Another surprising occurrence of pi in probability is a centuries-old needle-throwing experiment. In the 18th century,  Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon  posed a question concerning the probability of dropping needles: Start with a floor with planks of wood of a uniform width in which the lines between each of the planks are parallel to one another. Take a needle with a  length shorter than the distance between the planks. If you drop a needle on the floor, what is the probability that it will land on a line between two of the wood planks? As it turns out, the probability that the needle lands on a line between two planks is twice the length of needle  divided by the length between the planks times pi.

Narrative in the Chronicles of a Death Foretold Essay

Narrative in the Chronicles of a death foretold The novel consists of a detailed history of the circumstances of the murder taken by the narrator, a journalist and former friend of the victim, twenty-seven years after the incident in question. The long range effects of this murder on the citizens of the town in which it occurs, and their unspoken involvement in the crime itself, are revealed in the course of the narrator’s history. The novel tells the story of the narrators return to the Colombian town to resolve the details of the murder. First person narration throughout, narrator himself is like a detective, exploring ideas, comments. The story itself is based on a real occurrence, but the novel, while seemingly journalistic,†¦show more content†¦Chronological order is messed up, many flashbacks- piecing together of a puzzle. The way narrator has presented d events is effective and thus engages d reader’s attention. The presentation of events in this way is effective and adds to the efforts of the direct story in engaging the reader’s attention. For a plot such as this, a mere collection of episodes and viewpoints adding to a whole event- the confusion of chronology and lack of extreme straightforwardness creates interest, and a vision of piecing together all aspects bit by bit. Getting close to the killing, the time differences get shorter and shorter to build up suspense Obviously the most concise definition of magical realism is that it is the combination of magical and real elements. The magical elements that marquez has used are, superstitions, exaggerations, dreams that come true, universal humor and the coincidence of bizarre events. These Elements are present within Chronicle of a Death Foretold n it is this magical realism that makes the novel interesting. Culture in most respects should be looked at holistically. Examining specific ideas and concepts within it become seemingly difficult because they form an intricate web, which can be related to other concepts and premises. Actions dialogue and even the descriptions of objects, people, and scenes enable readers to formulate a basic outline of the culture exhibited by the society expressed by Marquez. NotShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed ColumbianRead MoreTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1554 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold is a story about a murder that happened in a small town, in which the society allowed to happen without questioning it. In this town there is an emphasis on male pride and men’s sexual behaviors. Everyone expects a certain code of male honor from every man. The way they look and act is all portrayed by this emphasis of machismo. Machismo men are stereotypically thought of as strong, rich, loud, and as womanizers. They are often associated with violence. Drinking, fightingRead More Use of Magical Rea lism in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essays1423 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Magical Realism in Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold   Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold.   Magical realism is the juxtaposition of realism with fantastic, mythic, and magical elements. A secondary trait was the characteristic attitude of narrators toward the subject matter: they frequently appeared to accept events contrary to the usual operating laws of the universe as natural, even unremarkableRead MoreComparing Marzi And The Chronicle Of A Death Foretold890 Words   |  4 Pagesnarratorial voices? Marzi is different from Jack Hold and the Narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold because of the point of view. Marzi’s is telling the story from a first person point of view where she is the main character. Jack and the narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold are telling their stories from a first person peripheral point of view. Being that Marzi is the main character in her narrative she knows her feelings during each event of the book. Jack in The ravishing ofRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold Reflective1503 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold: Cultural Analysis In America, there is a judicial system that helps justice prevail, to punish criminals, and let the innocent walk. The judicial system allows for there to be a trial where evidence is presented. Through the evidence presented, the jury then decides if the person on trial is innocent or guilty. Never in any trial, in any courthouse, under any judge would it be allowed for a murder to be justified so that one could restore a relative’s honor. HoweverRead MoreThe Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the Characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold – Gabriel Garcia Marquez1490 Words   |  6 Pagesand Pablo Vicario, two â€Å"boys who were raised up to be men.† His ability to interweave these values in his narrative show his deep understanding and perhaps even condolence towards these Latin Americans compelled to follow these archaic tendencies, corrupted by centuries of political extortion and civil violence which has made violence a social norm. The setting of Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a small Colombian coastal town in the 1950’s. The fictitious setting of this novella, although basedRead MoreMagical Realism In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1442 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Moxey English February 28, 2010 Essay Question: Discuss the uses of Magical Realism and its significance in the novel Chronicles of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquez s novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is defined as the combination of realism, along with magical and mythical elements such as dreams that come true, superstitions, humor, exaggerations, and the coincidence of bizarre events. A main characteristic was theRead More Honor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez1616 Words   |  7 PagesHonor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez Every culture in the world has its own unique set of values that they adhere to in life. The most important value to people is their honor. Honor is a very important factor in a person life that they will stop at nothing to make sure it is not lost. This endless pursuit of keeping honor can causes both positive and negative effects to a society. The reason honor is a main driving force in a personsRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 Pagesin Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding

What is civilisation Free Essays

Asia but the crucial area for its development was the fertile crescent. China and America soon followed with the development of agriculture. Agriculture is the first sign that shows humans beginning to control nature. We will write a custom essay sample on What is civilisation ? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When enough food was available, people started settling down resulting into more complex developments belonging to civilization. Soon after settling down the domestication of animals began, Only 14 of the animals urine that time were suitable for domestication. Mom requirements for the animals (not all animals had all these attributes) were: Power used in travel and agriculture (e. G. Horse), relatively short maturing time, the ability to produce food such as milk or honey. After these Important developments the wheel, writing, pottery, metaphorically and highly complex houses and monuments were built. This was mostly due to the time people now had (thanks to agriculture and the domestication of animals) to think rather than hunt and gather. Along with highly developed physical objects/items also employ social methods thrived. A sophisticated legal system was formed to solve issues and labor was devised between people (instead of everyone doing the same work). Writing was invented and along with this the study of nature and education became recognized. Philosophical ideas grew and became morals for people. A large piece of our civilization Is due to luck In where our ancestors decided to settle down. We can still see some affects of it today, such as the difference between America (America had very protein rich food) and New Guiana (New Guiana 1 OFF ere ideal the population of a civilization started to grow. Mortality went down but then again disease spread more eagerly. When population grew, a certain hierarchy grew along it. Hierarchy was also present during the Paleolithic age, but now there were more factors and professions that could be classed. People who had some special skill or profession were respected (e. G. Priest or a person who could write). Religion and politics were more separate than before as well. Civilization can never be simply defined, as people have very different views on it. Different subcultures and tribes may have their own concept of it. The standard western definition in my opinion is this: A collection of many factors that enable us to be in control of our surroundings (nature, animals our social lives) and where technology, systems and living conditions are highly advanced. A large population is needed to sustain all these systems. My view and differences between sources In the PDF file about ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt most facts are told without much further explanation or criticism. During our classes Vive noticed, that we must question things to find the best definition for ourselves. Overall there aren’t many differences between the â€Å"facts† told to us from both sources. I enjoy both methods thoroughly and they give a very clear explanation together. One main impact of civilization is that it makes our lives easier via all the inventions. Many people don’t take care of their physical health even though, ! 2 Homo Sapiens were built to hunt and gather. One aspect of civilization, domestication, is useful if not necessary, but it’s MIS-used and we’re killing the planet that we live in (high ICC emissions, cutting down rain forests). We should take example from uncivilized people who mostly respect nature and live mainly on it’s demands. These people could teach us a lot about communication, and how life could be better in general (by being more simple without advanced technology). In my view humans should create more echo-friendly technology and should consume less (e. G. Food and clothes). Civilization shouldn’t go back in time to when it was â€Å"better† ,but instead be offered to all those who want it, and develop more ideas and inventions that compromise between us and nature. How to cite What is civilisation ?, Papers

Tourism in Melbourne Literature Review

Tourism has become one of the most attractive sectors of economy as more and more tourists leave their homes to obtain new experiences in different countries or in other states of their homeland.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This segment of economy is developing very fast but it is still rather unclear what pushes tourists to come to this or that country, and, what is more important, what makes them go to a place several times. Melbourne is becoming one of the busiest touristic destinations (O’Toole 2011). Therefore, the city attracts attention of researchers as well. For instance, Campo-Martà ­nez, Garau-Vadell and Martà ­nez-Ruiz (2009) concentrate on the revisit intention. The researchers note that the group composition plays an important role in formation of tourists’ intention to come back. However, the researchers also point out that negative experiences have a greater impact on tourists than positive experiences. Thus, the researchers make a valuable contribution noting that managerial errors can negatively affect the development of tourism. On the contrary, proper management and marketing strategies make tourists motivated to come back. Interestingly, Prayag and Ryan (2011) looked into the correlation between nationality and motivational aspects between repeat and first-time travellers. For instance, German and South African travellers tend to strive for new experiences. Thus, it is essential to develop certain strategies to provide such tourists with services and experiences they long for. Melbourne is a place where people can obtain a variety of experiences. This city has a high livability index and travellers pay a lot of attention to attributes included in this measurement. Frost et al. (2010) provide valuable insights into the strategies aimed at developing proper image of touristic d estinations. Thus, the authors claim that Australia (and Melbourne, in particular) has developed proper image that attracts travellers.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers note that Melbourne is characterised by major attributes of liveability (e.g. stability, healthcare, culture, environment, infrastructure, education), but it is possible to focus on a specific attribute to attract more visitors (Frost et al. 2010). Coffee traditions and development of the cafà © traditions have made a considerable contribution to the development of tourism in the area. Richards and Palmer (2012) consider numerous strategies aimed at attracting travellers. The researchers stress that Melbourne is becoming a centre of numerous events which are potentially interesting to numerous groups of people (Richards Palmer 2012). Sport events are excessively used to attract traveller s. This is one of the most effective strategies to attract tourists to the city. Music and a variety of art festivals also attract lots of tourists to the area. The researchers note that the events are held annually, which contributes to creation of revisit intention in travellers. O’Toole (2011) focuses on various strategies developed and claims that conceptual methodologies used have proved to be effective. The researcher notes that convergence sampling technique, which is used in the field, is also very effective and helpful in revealing peculiarities of traveller’s motivation. The researcher also emphasizes that launching numerous events enables marketing managers to attract travellers from different countries. These events include business, sport, and art events. In a nutshell, it is possible to note that the major focus of researchers is measuring tourists’ satisfaction and development of strategies to attract travellers. It is necessary to note that there are still numerous gaps to be filled and further research is necessary. It is still unclear what destination attributes attract visitors and make them return. Notably, though the major attributes of liveability have been analysed in detail, their influence on tourists’ choices is still unclear. It is important to understand which liveability attributes attract first-time tourists and repeat visitors to be able to develop proper strategies applicable for the two groups of travellers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More so, Melbourne as one of the most attractive destinations of the present-day travellers should be a topic of further research. Thus, it is crucial to look into the impact Melbourne’s liveability attributes have on the choices made by first time and repeat visitors. Reference List Campo-Martà ­nez, S, Garau-V adell, JB Martà ­nez-Ruiz, MP 2009, ‘Factors inï ¬â€šuencing repeat visits to a destination: the inï ¬â€šuence of group composition’, Tourism Management, vol. xxx, pp. 1-9. Frost, W, Laing, J, Wheeler, F Reeves, K 2010, ‘Coffee culture, heritage and destination image: Melbourne and the Italian model’, in Jolliffe, L (ed), Coffee culture, destinations and tourism, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK, pp. 89-99. O’Toole, W 2011, Events feasibility and development: from strategy to operations, Routledge, Oxford, UK. Prayag, G Ryan, C 2011, ‘The relationship between the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality – an analytical qualitative research approach’, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 14. no.2, pp. 121-143. Richards, G Palmer, R 2012, Eventful cities, Routledge, Oxford, UK. This proposal on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review was written and submitted by user Michaela Howe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Major ways immigrants assimilated into mainstream US essays

Major ways immigrants assimilated into mainstream US essays One of the major ways immigrants assimilated into mainstream US in the early 20th century was by the industry world. The industry world opened many opportunities for immigrants for a life in the U.S. not only did the workers benefited from this but also the industrial companies profited from it in many ways. Immigrants were taught how to live during the industrial times for example, they were taught simplified English on what they had to learn in order to survive in the factories; Clock Work was a famous poem/song. Ford also created schools to educate the immigrants in order to gain mass production. Ford also created the Five Dollars Days a profit scheme to induce ford workers. The Five largest nationality groups were the Poles, Russians, Romanians, Italians and Sicilians, and Austro-Hungarians. They were a majority of the workforce that came from the least industrialized areas of Europe. Due to World War 1, Jews were treated the worst at this time. The Jews werent being hired and i f they were to receive a job, they would be cheated in their wages; not to mention the treatment from the fellow workers and boss. During the 1930s The Mexican population exploded in the Los Angeles area. To this, the Mexicans became to distance categories of adopting the American Culture: accommodation and resistance, these also fell into the middle and working class. One of the major conflicts between the Mexicans was the Parents vs. Daughters. It was the issues of appearance of young ladies and their disregards of young men and also their views of their parents life style. As time passed by the population grew, the Mexicans became a major targeted consumer. More and More Mexicans started to do American Activities such as; go to the movies, join clubs and etc. Music also played a big role for Mexicans, at this time. Many musicians from Los Angeles were Mexicans. ...

10 Tips for Turning Your Contract Job into a Permanent One

10 Tips for Turning Your Contract Job into a Permanent One Contract, temp, and freelance work have all become more popular in the past few years, as people look for creative ways to build their careers, and companies seek ways to reshape their workforce. According to a recent McKinsey Global Institute jobs survey, about 58% of employers expect to hire more part-time, temporary or contract workers in the near future. Contract and temp jobs can be a way to develop talent before investing in it fully. But what if you’re one of these hourly workers, and want something more permanent? If you’re working as a contractor but are looking to convert that into your stable, full-time gig, we have 10 strategies for you to use to start framing yourself as the ideal permanent employee.1. Be clear about what you want.Your boss isn’t psychic. If you were hired as a temp or a contract employee, he or she might not realize you’re interested in putting a ring on it and joining the team full-time. When you come on board, make sure you r boss knows how happy you are to be working here, and that you’d be open to making this a longer-term- but be cool about it.Instead of harping on your availability for a permanent position, or a reminder that you want to extend this, make it more about the job. I’m excited to be here, and would be interested in any full-time opportunities with your team. You can also bring it up with your boss as you get closer to the end of your contracted time: Now that we have just a couple of weeks left, I just wanted to check in with you, and let you know that I’m interested in continuing my work with this team.2. Make yourself indispensable.Easier said than done, right? If we all knew the secret of becoming necessary employees, everyone would have the totally stable job of his or her dreams. What you can do is make sure you’re going above and beyond. For example, if you’re working on a report due by end-of-day, get it in your boss’s hands by 2 p.m., w ith extra information.Think about process, and how things are done. If you see ways or processes to do your job more efficiently, talk them over with your boss. Show them that you’re on the lookout for ways to take on more responsibility, or improve your work. Make the company envision you as someone who won’t just take a to-do list, but build upon it and find ways to be useful beyond the immediate job description. That suggests that you have growth potential.3. Make a connection with your manager.If your boss could barely pick you out of a lineup, or keeps calling you â€Å"Jim† (and your name is Jamie), that doesn’t bode well for your long-term chances at this company. Make sure you’re communicating clearly with your boss, setting regular check-ins,` or sending daily email updates to show how you’re making progress on the task you were brought in to do.4. Work diligently.Now is not the time to coast, if you want to be brought on permanentl y. Your skills and know-how are on the line here. You want them to see an employee who’s always engaged and hard at work.Even when you’re not working so hard after all (there’s a lull in your project, or you’re taking a quick mental break after working on something for a few hours), at least put up the illusion that you’re busy. That means not openly checking your Facebook or fantasy football scores. It also means being at your desk if you’re expected to be at your desk. If you can discreetly do those things, then okay- but don’t get caught by your boss looking up that Amazon purchase when she thinks you’re working on those reports.5. Be responsive.If you get an email, respond right away (even if it’s just a quick note to say you’re working on whatever the request is). Thanks, Jodie! I’m taking a look at this now, and should have an update for you shortly. It lets the sender know you’re already putti ng thought and effort into the task, even if you don’t have an answer right away. It also shows that you’re a good team member, hint hint.6. Be available.Those two hours of overtime may seem annoying now, but putting in that extra time could give you an extra bump in your boss’s eyes. It demonstrates your commitment to the job, even one that’s temporary in nature. That’s an immensely valuable quality to a future employer. You don’t have to be on call around the clock (that’s a bit too eager), but if you’re clear that you are willing to put in the time and effort to get the job done, people will notice.7. Don’t get cocky.It can be easy to get complacent in your job, even if it’s temporary, when you’re the one handling the day-to-day tasks of the position. Don’t forget that unless and until there’s a job offer made, the company is not obligated to keep you on beyond your current contract. If you act like you already have the job, that can be a turn-off for the hiring manager.You also don’t want to risk sounding like a know-it-all, and alienating people with whom you’d be working. You may well be killing it in your contracted job, but that doesn’t mean you’ll automatically get the opportunity to stay. Make sure you’re always mindful that this is a contract position, and while you may be able to leverage it into a longer term role, that is far from a guarantee at this point.8. Make friends.Ingratiating yourself with your coworkers is a key strategic move to make, if you want to make the jump to full-time team member. If there’s a full-time opportunity and your name is on the shortlist for the permanent position, you’re going to want support. One of your colleagues could be the one to put in a good word for you, or say to your boss, â€Å"You know, I really like Jamie. He knows his stuff, and fits in really well here.† W hat you don’t want anyone to say: a) â€Å"Who was that, again?† or b) â€Å"I never really talked to him. He just sat at his desk, head down all the time.† Companies are looking for people who will fit well with the rest of their team, so it’s smart to get to know the people around, you even if it’s small talk late on a Friday or as you both wait for the coffee machine.And even if you don’t manage to extend this particular contract job into a permanent role, you still get to add people to your professional network. You never know when another opportunity (maybe Suzy knows someone at a similar company who’s hiring) will come up through your network.9. Do your homework.Make sure you learn what you can about the company. When I was in grad school, I worked as an administrative temp in a variety of different places. One of them was a financial services company, which was totally outside of my wheelhouse. I didn’t come away from th e experience with a professional-level understanding of how a hedge fund works, but I got a sense of how a company like that was structured, and what the needs were. Once you know what the needs are, you can start sharpening (or showing off) the skills that are valuable to that particular industry or company. Become familiar with the company’s mission statement, and think about how it applies to the job you’re doing now.10. Think of it like a REALLY long job interview.If all else fails, or you have trouble keeping your focus, remember that this is basically an extended job interview. Not all contract positions will turn into full-time gigs (especially as companies look for creative ways to get work done with ever-smaller budgets), but you have nothing to lose by treating this as the one that might make the conversion. Your work is a living, breathing case for why it’s in the company’s best interest to keep you on.Being a contractor has challenges, but als o offers the freedom to try different things until you find the path that’s right for you. When you’ve found that path, don’t just put your fate into someone else’s hands- take control, and start turning yourself into the employee they won’t be able to survive without.

Reduce your excessive consumption of paper and contribute with the Essay

Reduce your excessive consumption of paper and contribute with the environment and community - Essay Example However, there are alternatives to using excessive amounts of paper. Such alternatives are using both sides of the paper, or simply received documents online instead of taking up paper. The government needs to take the lead in combating unnecessary paper consumption by offering incentives to those who are environmentally friendly. Another way that the government can have an effect is to implement laws to reduce paper consumption. Paper manufacturing occurs in many different parts of the world and has a number of impacts on the environment. One of these impacts is how it affects the planet, because paper manufacturing is an extremely energy intensive process. About half of the total energy used is in the pulping process, in addition to rolling and drying the pulp into paper. In 1973, the amount of energy needed to make one ream (500 sheets) of copy paper was equal to 3.7 gallons of gasoline. Because of today’s advanced technologies, the energy used to make the same amount of pa per takes up just two gallons of gasoline (Zaida, 2000). According to the U.S. Toxic Release Inventory Report published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pulp and paper mills are among the worst polluters to air, water, and land of any industry in the country (Martin, 2010). The principal concern for the industry is the chemicals that are used for this process, such as chlorine-based bleaches and the resultant toxic emissions to the air, water, and soil. Almost 4 billion trees or 35 percent of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries on every continent (Martin, 2010). We use paper in many different ways—tissue paper, cardboard packaging, stereo speakers, electrical plugs, home insulation, and in the sole inserts in tennis shoes. In short, paper is everywhere. The percentage of paper consumption is growing every year in conjunction with an increasing population. However, there are alternatives to preventing the excessive consumption of paper. One of these choices is to use both sides of print paper. This is one way to help save Mother Earth without having to join Greenpeace or start holding protest marches in your neighborhood. If your information is irrelevant and does not require formality, the information may be printed on both sides of the paper, not only to avoid the high consumption of energy and the harmful chemicals to nature, but also to save money for the cost of purchasing of paper (Arkin, 2010).   Another method is to take your name off mailing lists. It is estimated that over 700 million tons of mail is created each year via mailing lists and direct mailings (â€Å"Ways,† 2011). Contacting the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) and registering with their Mail Preference Service provides an effective way for you to fight unwanted junk mail. The DMA does not provide marketers with consumer mailing lists or carry out consumer mailings. You should avoid joining mailing lists by taking the precau tion of not sending a form with your name and address to anyone. When filling out a form, such as a warranty, subscription, raffle, customer information card, credit card application, and membership for an organization, add the phrase "please do not rent, sell, or trade my name or address" next to the other information provided. The sales representative will then identify your name and preference in their computer. Yet another way to fight excessive paper consumption

Organizational Strategies for Quality Assessment and Improvement Research Paper

Organizational Strategies for Quality Assessment and Improvement - Research Paper Example The availability of equipment will ensure protection of personnel and promote organizational safety culture. The organization system should also avoid blame games and work towards solving problems from where they arise. The idea is for the organization to work as a team through openness and transparency in ensuring a culture of safety. Inclusions of the workers in the safety culture motivate the individuals in contributing to the quality improvement. The model works better for mutual communication between employees and management (Shekelle, Wachter, Pronovost & United States, 2013). Besides, the commitment of the management to ensuring that safety culture is successful, and teamwork motivates other employees in improving the services quality. The leaders’ commitment to achieving the goal of a culture of safety plays a vital role in ensuring the whole program is successful. A paper program without commitment will not lead to improved quality and safety hence there is a need for management to act appropriately. The leaders should play their part through listening and implementing workers contribution towards improving safety. Implementation of the workers idea encourages them to find solutions for any existing problems in the organization including safety. Management can only achieve these safety and quality improvement through communicating to the employees (Longo,

Sammy Davis Jr. :: essays research papers

Sammy Davis, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sammy Davis, Jr. was born in Harlem on December 8, 1925, to Elvera Sanchez, a chorus girl, and Sam Davis, a dancer. He was raised by his father and grandmother. His father was in an act with Will Mastin, who was a close friend of the family. At a young age, Sammy joined the act as a singer and dancer. They were known as the â€Å"Will Mastin Trio†. It was not the best job, but it put food on the table.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sammy tried to join the army when Pearl Harbor was bombed, but he was too young. The next year, he got in. He had to go through basic training eight times because there was not much room in the army for performers. He was put down and spit on in the army, but that made him want to perform more. Upon his discharge the trio got back together, and Sammy met Frank Sinatra for the first time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sammy wanted to be a big star and he realized this major difference between most black artists and the famous white artists. Most black artists came on stage played some songs, joked at or to each other, and left. The white artists talked with the audience. It was as if the black artists were not fit to talk to the audience. Sammy changed this at a nightclub in Hollywood. He â€Å"touched the audience†. This got him a record deal with Decca.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Sammy was a rising star, he was driving from Las Vegas to L.A. He had an accident that took away his left eye. This gave him publicity and boosted his career. After this, he converted to Judaism and started to refer to God as â€Å"The Cat Upstairs†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sammy worked hard. You already know he had many talents. What you probably did not know is that he often worked on several projects at the same time. He never received an award, but he was merely a performer, not a writer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Rat Pack was made up of Sammy, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and several other actors who worked together on Ocean’s Eleven. While they were in Vegas shooting scenes they worked the Sands Hotel and Casino.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1960, he wed May Britt. They had Children, but Sammy’s devotion to his career led to their divorce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sammy was active in politics. He supported Democrats until 1972, when he ran to President Nixon’s side. When questioned about selling out Sammy said that Nixon had bought him with good deeds for our country.

Personality Psychology and Introverts Essay

Our lives are shaped as profoundly by personality as by gender or race. And the single most important aspect of personality – the â€Å"north and south of temperament†, as the scientist JD Higley puts it – is where we fall on the introvert-extrovert spectrum. Our place on this continuum influences our choice of friends and mates, and how we make conversation, resolve differences, and show love. It affects the careers we choose and whether or not we succeed at them. It governs how likely we are to exercise (a habit found in extroverts), commit adultery (extroverts), function well without sleep (introverts), learn from our mistakes (introverts), place big bets in the stock market (extroverts), delay gratification (introverts), be a good leader (depends on the type of leadership called for), and ask â€Å"what if† (introverts). It’s reflected in our brain pathways, neurotransmitters, and remote corners of our nervous systems. Today introversion and extroversion are two of the most exhaustively researched subjects in personality psychology, arousing the curiosity of hundreds of scientists. These researchers have made exciting discoveries aided by the latest technology, but they’re part of a long and storied tradition. Poets and philosophers have been thinking about introverts and extroverts since the dawn of recorded time. Both personality types appear in the Bible and in the writings of Greek and Roman physicians, and some evolutionary psychologists say that the history of these types reaches back even farther than that: the animal kingdom also boasts â€Å"introverts† and â€Å"extroverts†, from fruit flies to pumpkinseed fish to rhesus monkeys. As with other complementary pairings – masculinity and femininity, East and West, liberal and conservative – humanity would be unrecognizable, and vastly diminished, without both personality styles. Take the partnership of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr: a formidable orator refusing to give up his seat on a segregated bus wouldn’t have had the same effect as a modest woman who would clearly prefer to keep silent but for the exigencies of the situation. And Parks didn’t have the stuff to thrill a crowd if she had tried to stand up and announce that she had a dream. But with King’s help, she didn’t have to. Yet today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We’re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds and in corporate corridors. Some fool even themselves, until some life event – redundancy, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like – jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal – the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He or she favours quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong; works well in teams and socialises in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual – the kind who is comfortable â€Å"putting himself out there†. Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so. Introversion – along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness – is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man’s world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we’ve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform. The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. The same dynamics apply in groups, where research shows that the voluble are considered smarter than the reticent – even though there’s zero correlation between the gift of the gab and good ideas. Even the word introvert is stigmatised – one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language (â€Å"green-blue eyes†, â€Å"exotic†, â€Å"high cheekbones†), but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture (â€Å"ungainly†, â€Å"neutral colours†, â€Å"skin problems†). But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions – from the theory of evolution to Van Gogh’s sunflowers to the personal computer – came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there. Without introverts, the world would be devoid of Newton’s theory of gravity, Einstein’s theory of relativity, WB Yeats’s The Second Coming, Chopin’s nocturnes, Proust’s In Search of Lost Time, Peter Pan, Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Cat in the Hat, Charlie Brown, the films of Steven Spielberg, Google (co-founded by introvert Larry Page) and Harry Potter. As the science journalist Winifred Gallagher writes: â€Å"The glory of the disposition that stops to consider stimuli rather than rushing to engage with them is its long association with intellectual and artistic achievement. Neither E=mc2 nor Paradise Lost was dashed off by a party animal.† Even in less obviously introverted occupations, like finance, politics and activism, some of the greatest leaps forward were made by introverts. Al Gore, Warren Buffett, Eleanor Roosevelt and Gandhi achieved what they did not in spite of but because of their introversion. Yet many of the most important institutions of contemporary life are designed for those who enjoy group projects and high levels of stimulation. As children, our classroom desks are increasingly arranged in pods, the better to foster group learning, and research suggests that the vast majority of teachers believe that the ideal student is an extrovert. As adults, many of us work for organisations that insist we work in teams, in offices without walls, for supervisors who value â€Å"people skills† above all. To advance our careers, we’re expected to promote ourselves unabashedly. The scientists whose research gets funded often have confident, perhaps overconfident, personalities. The artists whose work adorns the walls of contemporary museums strike impressive poses at gallery openings. The authors whose books get published – once a reclusive breed – are now vetted by publicists to make sure they’re talk-show ready. If you’re an introvert, you also know that the bias against quiet can cause deep psychic pain. As a child you might have overheard your parents apologise for your shyness. Or at school you might have been prodded to come â€Å"out of your shell† – that noxious expression that fails to appreciate that some animals naturally carry shelter everywhere they go, and that some humans are just the same. â€Å"All the comments from childhood still ring in my ears, that I was lazy, stupid, slow, boring,† writes a member of an email list called Introvert Retreat. â€Å"By the time I was old enough to figure out that I was simply introverted, it was a part of my being, the assumption that there is something inherently wrong with me. I wish I could find that little vestige of doubt and remove it.† Now that you’re an adult, you might still feel a pang of guilt when you decline a dinner invitation in favour of a good book. Or maybe you like to eat alone in restaurants and could do without the pitying looks from fellow diners. Or you’re told that you’re â€Å"in your head too much,† a phrase that’s often deployed against the quiet and cerebral. Of course, there’s another word for such people: thinkers. You can be a shy extrovert too There are now almost as many definitions of introvert and extrovert as there are personality psychologists. Still, they tend to agree on several important points: for example, that introverts and extroverts differ in the level of outside stimulation that they need to function well. Introverts feel â€Å"just right† with less stimulation, as when they sip wine with a close friend, solve a crossword puzzle, or read a book. Extroverts enjoy the extra bang that comes from activities like meeting new people, skiing slippery slopes, and cranking up the stereo. Many psychologists would also agree that introverts and extroverts work differently. Extroverts tend to tackle assignments quickly. They make fast (sometimes rash) decisions, and are comfortable multitasking and risk- taking. They enjoy â€Å"the thrill of the chase† for rewards like money and status. Introverts often work more slowly and deliberately. They like to focus on one task at a time and can have mighty powers of concentration. They’re relatively immune to the lures of wealth and fame. A few things introverts are not: the word introvert is not a synonym for hermit or misanthrope. Introverts can be these things, but most are perfectly friendly. One of the most humane phrases in the English language – â€Å"Only connect!† – was written by the distinctly introverted EM Forster in Howards End, a novel exploring the question of how to achieve â€Å"human love at its height†. Nor are introverts necessarily shy. Shyness is the fear of social disapproval or humiliation, while introversion is a preference for environments that are not overstimulating. Shyness is inherently painful; introversion is not. One reason that people confuse the two concepts is that they sometimes overlap (though psychologists debate to what degree). You can be a shy extrovert, like Barbra Streisand, who has a larger-than-life personality and paralysing stage fright; or a non-shy introvert, like Bill Gates, who by all accounts keeps to himself but is unfazed by the opinions of others. You can also, of course, be both shy and an introvert: TS Eliot was a famously private soul who wrote in The Waste Land that he could â€Å"show you fear in a handful of dust†. Many shy people turn inward, partly as a refuge from the socialising that causes them such anxiety. And many introverts are shy, partly as a result of receiving the message that there’s something wrong with their preference for reflection, and partly because their physiologies compel them to withdraw from high-stimulation environments. But for all their differences, shyness and introversion have in common something profound. The mental state of a shy extrovert sitting quietly in a business meeting may be very different from that of a calm introvert – the shy person is afraid to speak up, while the introvert is simply overstimulated – but to the outside world, the two appear to be the same. This can give both types insight into how our reverence for alpha status blinds us to things that are good and smart and wise. For very different reasons, shy and introverted people might choose to spend their days in behind-the-scenes pursuits like inventing, or researching, or holding the hands of the gravely ill – or in leadership positions they execute with quiet competence. These are not alpha roles, but the people who play them are role models all the same.

Humorous Wedding Speech †Reasons I Admire the Groom Essay

Humorous Wedding Speech – Reasons I Admire the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I’m not an experienced public speaker, so I find it easier just to read the speech word for word. In fact, I’ve practiced it almost daily for about a week and a half now, so that I know it very well. It’s a tip that I read in a book about public speaking. I’ve also been drinking profusely to help calm my pre-speech nerves. I made that tip up myself. Laughter Yes, I am a little nervous about being the best man. But I am more bothered with the title of best man. Saying that Im the best man is saying quite a bit. If Im the best man, why is Maria marrying Karl? So Im just happy saying that I am a pretty good man, because today Karl is the†¦show more content†¦He never used them. 3) His determination – most patently demonstrated as a cub scout at camp, where Karl held the record for avoiding the camp latrine – or the ‘brown barrel collector’ as we used to call it. Some cubs reckoned he could last a whole week, and I’m sure it was this early training in discipline that helped Karl on to a successful career. 4) His vision – we can see for ourselves how gorgeous Maria looks today, which proves the one thing I’ve always known about Karl - that he’s definitely a man of vision - often blurred, sometimes double, but nonetheless a man of vision who’s been lucky enough to have spotted a real beauty. 5) His charm – having taken the decision to propose to Maria, he whisked her off to Paris for a romantic weekend. They dined at expensive restaurants, took passionate walks along the river, went up the Eiffel Tower†¦ then he took her back to Weymouth and popped the question back at the flat. Now that sort of style is beyond the reach of the ordinary man. 6) His sentimental side - what with the way he fell to his knees and wept when he first discovered I’d organized strippers for his stag night (bachelor’s party). 7) His unwavering self confidence – which is particularly evident today. It has been an expensive few weeks for Karl but he doesn’t look in the least