Cultural Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

True love in Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Genuine affection in Hamlet Essay Something is spoiled in the province of Denmark, (1.4.89) Marcellus so carefully expressed not knowing the accuracy behind his words. Different discourse traded all through the play discretely summed up occasions that occurred. Horatio demonstrated this moment that he expressed Of fleshly, wicked, and unnatural acts, of unintentional decisions, easygoing butchers, of passings put on by crafty and forcd cause, and in this aftereffect, purposes mixed up falln on th innovators heads. (5.2.381-5)These statements could without much of a stretch identify with various occasions that occurred over the span of the play, be that as it may, none of them are all the more fascinating then the subject of genuine affection. The words genuine affection don't envelop Hamlet and Ophelia; in any case, Gertrude and Claudius. Numerous perusers of Hamlet expect that Gertrude and Claudius were frantically infatuated with out genuinely researching the idea of their marriage. Most contentions on this subject are exclusively based around one misread and ignored entry. The apparition unmistakably articulated Ay, that perverted, that contaminate monster, (1.5.42) at the same time, what did the soul really mean? To grasp what the apparition implied by these words, the sentence should be separated. Single word explicitly assumes a huge job in how the connection among Claudius and Gertrude is deciphered. The word contaminate has numerous definitions; fake, debased by intermixture, to distort, to make tainted or substandard, or to degenerate. On the off chance that these definitions are applied to the attributes of Claudius (to whom the apparition was alluding to), or, with the impact Claudius has on Gertrude; it is handily comprehended why such huge numbers of are erroneously lead to accept that Claudius and Gertrude were participating in a depraved relationship, this is brought about by absence of assessment. The single word taint opens endless entryways left to be explored. Questions emerge that could change ones point of view toward the whole play. For example, Did Gertrude think about Claudius intends to kill old Hamlet?; What did Gertrude gain by damaging Claudius?; What did Claudius need to pick up by defacing Gertrude?; Were they personally included before old Hamlets passing? lastly, were Claudius and Gertrude in love?As to the topic of climate or not Gertrude thought about the planned homicide of old Hamlet, the appropriate response is no. There are uncountable models that demonstrate this to be a bogus suspicion. During the mouse trap, a presentation acted by the players, a scene that portrays a ruler conversing with his sovereign about death, the player sovereign discusses again and again her everlasting adoration for the lord: In second spouse let me be accursd! None marry the second however who killd the first. (3.2.179-80) Another prime model would be the point at which she e xpressed; A second time I kill my better half dead, when second spouse kisses me in bed. (3.2.184-5) Hamlet not long after went to his mom and asked Madam, how like you this play? (3.2.229) The woman doth fight excessively, methinks, (3.2.230) the sovereign answered inferring that she thought the player sovereign made void guarantees. Had the Gertrude thought about Claudius intends to kill old Hamlet, unquestionably she would have recognized what the play was about and she would have showcased the manner in which Claudius did when he required the lights after he at long last acknowledged what was happening. Additionally, after the play, Hamlet had a gathering with his mom, during their discussion, Hamlet discovered that somebody was holing up behind the arras, he executed this individual and minutes after the fact found it was Polonius. In a trade of words among Hamlet and Gertrude, we see that Gertrude is stunned at the notice of old Hamlets murder:Queen: O, what a rash and grisly deed is this!Hamlet: A wicked deed! Nearly as terrible, great mother, as slaughter a lord, and marrywith his sibling. .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .postImageUrl , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:visited , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:active { border:0!important; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:active , .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ueedb1d4338d4b5e3464bef11dcf98ff8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives EssayQueen: As murder a king!Hamlet: Ay, woman, it was my assertion. Gertrude depicts a shallow, conceited lady. On numerous events Gertrude proves this point. She will in general be worried about different people groups considerations of her and how she is seen in their eyes. Since she didn't mull over old Hamlets demise, she was floored to discover that he was dead. When she got updates on his destruction, she momentarily started to consider what might befall her on the off chance that she not, at this point held the seat. Legitimately, Hamlet ought to have assumed his dads position at the illustrious seat, if this had been along these lines, Gertrude would have lost a plentiful measure of intensity in Denmark. In all actuality, she would consistently be known as a sovereign for the rest of here life, yet she would never again be considered at the highest point of regal procedures. This origination terrified her exceedingly. Since Claudius graphed the fate of old Hamlet, it can tentatively be resolved that he would have known Gertrudes response to t he news, when she was over the underlying stun. He started to entice Gertrude and put wrong thoughts into her head of how she would without a doubt become an overlooked Queen. Claudius likewise gave her ways she could stay in the seat of state, she could remarry. Who preferred to remarry over himself is all the more then likely the defense he moved toward her with. Gertrude, similar to Claudius, would have successfully hold the seat. Claudius was a force ravenous and envious man. He was jealous of his siblings position in Denmark and got savage in the odyssey to get what his sibling had. He himself expressed this while petitioning God for his offenses, I am still possessd of those impacts for which I did murther: my crown, mine own aspiration, and my queen.(3.2.53-5) It is understandable to perceive what Claudius needed to pick up by wedding Gertrude, he didnt love her, he needed his withdrew siblings assets. The word contaminate, which so frequently distorts an undying relationship among Gertrude and Claudius, is just referenced once all through the aggregate of the play. Gertrudes sins are talked about on various events. In act III scene IV, a squabble among Hamlet and his mom permits Hamlet to show her numerous wrongdoings makes marriage pledges as bogus as dicers promises/You can't call it love, for at your age the prime in the blood is agreeable. (3.4.44:68) Not once all through their whole exchange does Hamlet notice anything about his mom submitting infidelity. There is one noticeable occasion when Claudius and Gertrudes love is put being investigated. During the fencing match, Gertrude got the cup which suited toxic substance put into the cup by Claudius. Gertrude, don't drink. (5.2.290) These were the main words Claudius addressed keep his caring spouse from biting the dust before his eyes. To the crowd he spoke, It is the poisned cup, it is past the point of no return. (5.2.292) This announcement alone demonstrated that Claudius adored the seat and the force joined by it all the more then he cherished Gertrude. Utilizing this guide to demonstrate that Claudius and Gertrude were not in affection can be noted as an uneven contention. Claudius demonstrated to the crowd that he didn't adore Gertrude, in any case, the inquiry as to climate or not Gertrude cherished Claudius despite everything stays hesitant. It very well may be inferred that Claudius assurance ruined Gertrude and made her into a fake figure, in Hamlets eyes by and by. In the start of the play, Hamlet was incredibly fondness toward his mom. As the play advanced, Hamlet turned out to be increasingly harsh and sharp with her. Hamlet didnt accept that his mom and Claudius were enamored, he didnt appear to mind, he was progressively keen on saving his dads respect. .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 , .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 .postImageUrl , .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u32f2f54168b662947c64d429f50397d0 , .u32f2f54168b6629

Theory of Planned Behavior Definition, Explained, Examples

Theory of Planned Behavior Definition, Explained, Examples Have you ever wondered what makes human beings react in the way they do? Imagine how powerful you would become if you had the ability to accurately predict how people would react in different scenarios.With this ability, you would most likely end up a rich car salesman who knows just what to say and do to make customers buy.Human beings are curious by nature and we will always have a tendency to look for the reason behind why people act the way they do. When your set foot into a car yard looking to buy a car, you are bombarded with a number of options. Sometimes, you might even find two closely similar cars on display. After all has been said and done, you will only pick one car.The same is true about work assignments. When you are given a task, you will usually have different possible approaches that you can take. However, you will only end up picking one approach.What could have motivated you to react to the stimulus in the way you did? What could have driven you to choose a specif ic car from dozens of cars in the yard? What influenced your decision-making process that you went through to arrive at a final decision?Certainly, one of the most difficult things to get a firm and full handle on is human behavior. It certainly doesn’t help that individuals are unique in their own ways, and that they cannot be boxed in categories especially when it comes to behavior. Not all people react in the same way, or behave in the same manner, even under the exact same circumstances. There are various factors at play, and these are what psychologists and thinkers have been trying to study and make sense of in the past few decades.Studies on human behavior have resulted in a multitude of theories and assumptions, with psychologists and researchers postulating this or that. Some of them make sense, others made enough of an impact to still be considered valid today, and there are others that have already been generally accepted as fact. In this discussion, we will take a look at one of these assumptions, known as the Theory of Planned Behavior, or TPB.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIORBefore we can fully proceed to understanding the Theory of Planned Behavior, it is important to retrace the earlier steps that led to its development. There were several earlier theories that contributed to the development of the TPB, and the two most recognizable ones were the Information Integration Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action.The Information Integration TheoryAfter a series of experiments, Norman Anderson first introduced the Information Integration Theory in 1971. In his theory, Anderson tried to explore and describe how the mixing or combination (integration) of new information with existing thoughts or cognitions results in the formation and/or changes in one’s attitudes. In short, before an individual can make a final or overall judgment, he will still undergo a process of integrating information, d erived from various sources, in aid of arriving at that judgment.Anderson’s theory holds that a persuasive message is composed of ideas, which are relevant pieces or bits of information, with each bit defined by two qualities:Value, or the favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the bit of informationWeight, or the perceived importance of the bit of informationThis is described further in the proposed three functions in the integration process:Valuation, or setting value and weight on the information derived from various sources, with respect to multiple stimuli;Integration, or mixing or combining new information with existing information into one psychological response; andResponse, or the translation of the impression from the integration into an overall observable response or behavior.Basically, it describes how one piece of information can be viewed and perceived differently by two individuals, based on the differences of their value and weight. As an illustration, let us take a look at two female employees talking about the maternity leave and benefits package offered by the company they work for, and why they have differing attitudes toward it.Let’s call the first employee Mary. Mary is newly-wed, with plans of starting a family very soon. Let’s call the second employee Ashley. Unlike Mary, Ashley is committed to being single and prioritizing her career over building a family. For Mary, the package is definitely a good idea, since it is in line with her personal goals. It allows her to start a family and get back to her career. As a result, the package has a positive value.Ashley, on the other hand, does not think the same. The package has negative value because of her opinion that the package merely encourages women to take a long break from work. From her perspective, this long break might derail any career opportunity that might present itself in the interim.Clearly, the package holds more weight for Mary, since it is something that matters to he r (specifically her plans to have children while remaining an employee of the company). It does not hold as much weight for Ashley, since it does not directly affect any of her immediate personal and career plans.Although Ashley may start out looking unfavorably at the maternity package and its implications, the situation is not going to stay that way forever. When she obtains or learns new and positive pieces of information, a change of heart is likely to occur.For example, she may not like the idea of giving up career opportunities in order to get pregnant and have a child. With that said, it’s likely that she is not entirely against the idea of having a child. Her only concern is allowing her career to suffer at the expense of motherhood. What was initially an uncaring attitude about putting family over career may be made lighter or more positive when she starts to know more about the joys of motherhood.In essence, everybody is allowed to have an unfavorable or favorable attitu de about something. However, these attitudes are not set in stone. They, too, can change, thanks to the integration of new information with already existing information. In fact, this integration can completely erase the old attitude and give rise to a new and totally different one, so don’t be surprised when Ashley is suddenly the first to take the package.A really awesome in-depth presentation on the  Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness. The Theory of Reasoned ActionIt was in 1980 when Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen developed and introduced the Theory of Reasoned Action, mainly as an enhancement of Anderson’s Information Integration Theory.The enhancement comes in the inclusion of another factor into the equation: “behavioral intent” (or “behavioral intention”) and how, along with an individual’s pre-existing attitudes, these intentions can predict or even ultimately predict his responses or behaviors. In short, a person’s behavior will be affected or in fluenced, not only by his attitude or perceptions, but also by his expectations, or the anticipated outcomes that the behavior is likely to provide or lead to.The Theory of Reasoned Action, or TRA, theory posits that behavioral intention is shaped by three elements or factors:The individual’s attitude, or personal opinion, on whether a specific behavior is good or bad, positive or negative, favorable or otherwise. The attitude must be specific, since this specificity will allow the prediction in the resulting behavior.The prevailing subjective norms, or the social pressure arising from other people’s expectations, as seen from the individual’s point of view. This, in turn, has two components:The individual’s normative beliefs, or what he perceives to be what other people want or expect; andThe individual’s motivation, or need, to comply with what other people want or expect.The perceived behavioral control of the individual, or his perception of his ability to perform a sp ecific behavior.It is said that the “best predictor of behavior is intention”. To be more specific, we are referring to behavioral intention when we simply say intention, or the “cognitive indication of the readiness of an individual to perform a specific behavior”.Thus, behavioral intention is seen as the precursor immediately leading up to the actual behavior, meaning a person will react or decide, depending on the behavioral intention formed or developed.This relationship between the intention and the actual behavior is influenced by three conditions.The behavioral intention must be specific, in order to predict a specific behavior;The intention must remain constant or stable from the time it is given or measured until the time of actual performance of the behavior; andThe individual has full control on whether to perform the behavior or not, indicating complete volitional control, so that behavior is 100% voluntary.In the Information Integrity Theory, an individual’s a ctions are influenced by his attitudes and perceptions. The TRA recognizes the reality that, although his attitudes indicate a specific behavior, his perceived social norms may contradict it, suggesting an entirely different response or behavior. This combination, which could mean reinforcement or contradiction, as the case may be, will be used to predict his behavioral intention.Let’s face it: an intention is just an intention. It won’t always end up as an action. How many times have you intended to wake up early but you still snoozed when the alarm went off? This nature of an intention also happens to be the major argument against this theory.Here comes another example: You have every intention to quit smoking and you have a commitment to completely abstain from the act and shun cigarettes. However, this intention alone is not enough proof that you will actually do it.This means that the implementation of these intention is usually not 100%.Some behaviors are not totally volun tary. This gave rise to another way of looking at things, and that is the TPB.THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIORThe Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is seen as an improvement to the TRA, often mentioned and discussed with it. This makes sense, since the TPB reinforces and adds to the assumptions in the TRA.The TPB maintains what TRA postulated about human behavior being governed by one’s attitudes and behavioral intentions characterized by the presence of social norms and the exercise of volitional control. However, it incorporates several modifications that allows for greater accuracy and reliability in understanding one’s attitudes and predicting his deliberate, planned, and resulting actual behavior.Core Assumptions of TPBRational thinking finally enters the picture in this theory were, when employed, results in rational considerations that, in turn, influence and govern the choices, decisions, and behaviors of an individual.The Theory of Planned Behavior upholds the key assumpti ons contained in the Theory of Reasoned Action, with certain modifications of its own.Deriving from the suppositions in TRA, the intentions of the individual largely reflects his personal attitudes, or their perception on the extent of favorability of an act. This will also be influenced by his perceived and cognitive beliefs about the act.Again, just like in TRA, the subjective norms that the individual is exposed or privy to will also have an impact on his intentions. This is in recognition of man being, by nature, a social creature, so that he will no doubt care about what others think or belief. More often than not, if society demonstrates general favorability toward an act, it is highly likely that the individual will think the same, his intentions largely shaped by the extent of approval (and disapproval) by family, friends, co-workers, or pretty much any person he trusts.The intentions and the resulting behaviors of the individual are affected by their perceived behavioral co ntrol, or what they think and believe to be their ability to actually perform or engage in the said behaviors. Succeeding literature on TPB led to the identification of the two clear facets of this perceived behavioral control:Internal control: This is basically how the individual perceives his own control to be like. It focuses on how the individual sees himself as being in control when it comes to performing the specific behavior in question, and this mostly has a lot to do with the sufficiency of his knowledge, skills and abilities, and the amount of discipline he wields while performing the behavior.External control: Other external factors also have a way of shaping how an individual behaves. For example, the acceptance or approval of family, friends, and peers is likely to influence a person into developing a positive attitude toward a behavior, bolstering his intention to see the specific action to the end. Time is also another factor that is external, but will no doubt impact one’s level of behavioral control.The TPB is more cognizant of how it is highly probably for one’s intention to be completely different with behavior is deliberately planned and carried out. This is mostly traced to the divergence of the level of perceived behavioral control with that of the actual control exercised or employed.We will understand this further as we take a look at the TPB Model or TPB Diagram.The TPB ModelAjzen and Fishbein presented the Theory of Planned Behavior Model, or a diagram that simplifies the key concepts of the theory. That model is presented below. © Wikipedia Commons | Robert OrzannaHere is another representation of the same model. © http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/01/07105336/3The above diagram clearly presents the key variables of TPB, and they are grouped into three.Behavioral BeliefsAn individual’s behavioral beliefs serve as the link between his Behavior to the Outcome that the behavior is expected to produce or bring about.It is a person’s behavioral beliefs that will have a direct influence on his attitude toward a behavior. If the expected outcome is something favorable, then there is no doubt that he will also have a positive attitude toward the behavior, increasing the likelihood of actual performance.Essentially, the behavioral beliefs of the person will focus on the issue on whether a behavior is favorable or unfavorable.Normative BeliefsIf decisions on actions and behaviors were made solely by the individual, predicting his responses is definitely going to be easy as pie. However, since there are other â€" internal and external â€" factors at play, that is not the case.Normative beliefs involve the key people or characters around the individual, specifically their behavioral expectations as he perceives them to be. On top of that, it is also shaped in part by the level of importance that he places on these people’s expectations. Together, these determine the subjective norm that will play an important part in his decisions on whether to behave in a certain way or not.For example, a person is trying to decide whether he should quit smoking or not. He knows that smoking is something that his spouse, children and the co-workers he is in close proximity with at the office every day, find distasteful or unfavorable.The opinion of his family is very important to him, so he feels that he needs to acquiesce with their preference for him not to smoke. However, it is a different story at the workplace. He could not care less what his co-workers think about his smoking habit, and the absence of a company rule or policy on smoking at work does nothing to motivate him to comp ly with what his co-workers want or expect.As a result, his response is likely to be selective when it comes to smoking. When he’s at home or in the company of his family, he will not smoke. When at work, or with his co-workers, that’s the only time he will feel comfortable about smoking.Control BeliefsYou may perceive the presence of factors (called ‘control factors’) that will have an impact on how the performance of the action will go. These are the control beliefs, which will dictate your perceived behavioral control. Each control factor can be viewed individually, and your perception of the power of one control factor may be different from the power of the other control factors. If there is a high probability that the powerful control factor is present, you are very likely to carry out the action in line with the powerful factor.Let’s go back to the smoking example.One control factor is a company policy on smoking in the workplace. If there is no specific policy or if there is one but it is not enforced, you will perceive the control factor to be weak, with no power at all. If, in contrast, there is a “no smoking within company premises” policy in place, with corresponding sanctions for offenders, it becomes so powerful as to have an influence on your behavioral control, and playing a major role in your consideration on whether to stop smoking at the workplace or not.When combined, all three beliefs will result in your behavioral intention which will inevitably, will lead to the behavior itself. There is a direct relationship between these three elements. If both the attitudes and subjective norms are positive and you strongly believe that you can perform a specific behavior, then it is bound to strengthen your intention and resolve to actually behave in that expected manner.However, if you take a closer look at the model, you will find that your perceived behavioral control does not cease to be relevant once the intention has been developed , since it will still affect the behavior. This means that even after starting the action, there is still a possibility that your perception of your ability to actually carry it through can still affect performance.Scope and Applications of TPBThe Theory of Planned Behavior has found an extensive scope, being used in various fields and industries, and in varied applications. Not surprisingly, it has become widely used in the field of behavioral and psychological research and evaluation studies.Ajzen himself used the TPB in various researches, such as the one he co-wrote on the applicability of TPB to Leisure Choice, published in the Journal of Leisure Research (1992) and, earlier, in 1991, on the applicability of TPB in predicting leisure participation, published in Leisure Sciences.Whether it’s a social issue or a health issue, TPB has found acceptable applicability. Political entities rely on its concepts to predict voting behavior of electorates. Health care facilities, pharmac ological companies, and even governments employ the key concepts of TPB in studying and predicting human behavior on matters such as disease prevention, birth control, and family planning, to name a few.Businesses and organizations also accepted the application of TPB, recognizing its input when it comes to organizational processes and decision-making processes. In fact, even marketers found a great use for TPB, incorporating it in predicting market consumption, as well as the behavior of customers and competitors.What makes the TPB more acceptable than, say, the TRA, is how it is cognizant of factors or elements that are out of the person’s control or full volition. The predictability of intentions and behavior is definitely higher than TRA, or other prior theories on predicting and understanding human behavior.Granted, the TPB is not without its limitations, and the main argument against it is how it puts no value or importance on emotion, which is seen by many as one of the key elements that determine or drive one’s behavior. No doubt, the continuous study on human behavior, particularly on planned and reasoned actions and decisions, will result in better and more encompassing theories in the future. For now, the TPB does a great job at it, which explains its wide usage in various fields and industries.

The Number Pi 3.14159265...

One of the most widely used constants throughout mathematics is the number pi, which is denoted by the Greek letter Ï€. The concept of pi originated in geometry, but this number has applications throughout mathematics and shows up in far-ranging subjects including statistics and probability. Pi has even gained cultural recognition and its own holiday, with the celebration of Pi Day activities around the world. The Value of Pi Pi is defined as the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. The value of pi is slightly greater than three, which means that every circle in the universe has a circumference with a length that is a little more than three times its diameter. More precisely, pi has a decimal representation that begins 3.14159265... This is only part of the decimal expansion of pi. Pi Facts Pi has many fascinating and unusual features, including:   Pi is an irrational real number. This means that pi cannot be expressed as a fraction a/b where a and b are both integers. Although the numbers 22/7 and 355/113 are helpful in estimating pi, neither of these fractions is the true value of pi.Because pi is an irrational number, its decimal expansion never terminates or repeats. There are some questions concerning this decimal expansion, such as:  Does every possible string of digits show up somewhere in the decimal expansion of pi? If every possible string does appear, then your cell phone number is somewhere in the expansion of pi (but so is everyone else’s).Pi is a transcendental number. This means that pi is not the zero of a polynomial with integer coefficients. This fact is important when exploring more advanced features of pi.Pi is important geometrically, and not just because it relates the circumference and diameter of a circle. This number also shows up in the formula for the area of a circle. The area of a circle of radius r is A pi r2. The number pi is used in other geometric formulas, such as the surface area and volume of a sphere, the volume of a cone, and the volume of a cylinder with a circular base.Pi appears when least expected. For one of many examples of this, consider the infinite sum 1 1/4 1/9 1/16 1/25 ... This sum converges to the value pi2/6. Pi in Statistics and Probability Pi makes surprising appearances throughout mathematics, and some of these appearances are in the subjects of probability and statistics. The formula for the standard normal distribution, also known as the bell curve, features the number pi as a constant of normalization. In other words, dividing by an expression involving pi allows you to say that the area under the curve is equal to one. Pi is part of the formulas for other probability distributions as well. Another surprising occurrence of pi in probability is a centuries-old needle-throwing experiment. In the 18th century,  Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon  posed a question concerning the probability of dropping needles: Start with a floor with planks of wood of a uniform width in which the lines between each of the planks are parallel to one another. Take a needle with a  length shorter than the distance between the planks. If you drop a needle on the floor, what is the probability that it will land on a line between two of the wood planks? As it turns out, the probability that the needle lands on a line between two planks is twice the length of needle  divided by the length between the planks times pi.

Narrative in the Chronicles of a Death Foretold Essay

Narrative in the Chronicles of a death foretold The novel consists of a detailed history of the circumstances of the murder taken by the narrator, a journalist and former friend of the victim, twenty-seven years after the incident in question. The long range effects of this murder on the citizens of the town in which it occurs, and their unspoken involvement in the crime itself, are revealed in the course of the narrator’s history. The novel tells the story of the narrators return to the Colombian town to resolve the details of the murder. First person narration throughout, narrator himself is like a detective, exploring ideas, comments. The story itself is based on a real occurrence, but the novel, while seemingly journalistic,†¦show more content†¦Chronological order is messed up, many flashbacks- piecing together of a puzzle. The way narrator has presented d events is effective and thus engages d reader’s attention. The presentation of events in this way is effective and adds to the efforts of the direct story in engaging the reader’s attention. For a plot such as this, a mere collection of episodes and viewpoints adding to a whole event- the confusion of chronology and lack of extreme straightforwardness creates interest, and a vision of piecing together all aspects bit by bit. Getting close to the killing, the time differences get shorter and shorter to build up suspense Obviously the most concise definition of magical realism is that it is the combination of magical and real elements. The magical elements that marquez has used are, superstitions, exaggerations, dreams that come true, universal humor and the coincidence of bizarre events. These Elements are present within Chronicle of a Death Foretold n it is this magical realism that makes the novel interesting. Culture in most respects should be looked at holistically. Examining specific ideas and concepts within it become seemingly difficult because they form an intricate web, which can be related to other concepts and premises. Actions dialogue and even the descriptions of objects, people, and scenes enable readers to formulate a basic outline of the culture exhibited by the society expressed by Marquez. NotShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed ColumbianRead MoreTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1554 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold is a story about a murder that happened in a small town, in which the society allowed to happen without questioning it. In this town there is an emphasis on male pride and men’s sexual behaviors. Everyone expects a certain code of male honor from every man. The way they look and act is all portrayed by this emphasis of machismo. Machismo men are stereotypically thought of as strong, rich, loud, and as womanizers. They are often associated with violence. Drinking, fightingRead More Use of Magical Rea lism in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essays1423 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Magical Realism in Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold   Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold.   Magical realism is the juxtaposition of realism with fantastic, mythic, and magical elements. A secondary trait was the characteristic attitude of narrators toward the subject matter: they frequently appeared to accept events contrary to the usual operating laws of the universe as natural, even unremarkableRead MoreComparing Marzi And The Chronicle Of A Death Foretold890 Words   |  4 Pagesnarratorial voices? Marzi is different from Jack Hold and the Narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold because of the point of view. Marzi’s is telling the story from a first person point of view where she is the main character. Jack and the narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold are telling their stories from a first person peripheral point of view. Being that Marzi is the main character in her narrative she knows her feelings during each event of the book. Jack in The ravishing ofRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold Reflective1503 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold: Cultural Analysis In America, there is a judicial system that helps justice prevail, to punish criminals, and let the innocent walk. The judicial system allows for there to be a trial where evidence is presented. Through the evidence presented, the jury then decides if the person on trial is innocent or guilty. Never in any trial, in any courthouse, under any judge would it be allowed for a murder to be justified so that one could restore a relative’s honor. HoweverRead MoreThe Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the Characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold – Gabriel Garcia Marquez1490 Words   |  6 Pagesand Pablo Vicario, two â€Å"boys who were raised up to be men.† His ability to interweave these values in his narrative show his deep understanding and perhaps even condolence towards these Latin Americans compelled to follow these archaic tendencies, corrupted by centuries of political extortion and civil violence which has made violence a social norm. The setting of Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a small Colombian coastal town in the 1950’s. The fictitious setting of this novella, although basedRead MoreMagical Realism In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1442 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Moxey English February 28, 2010 Essay Question: Discuss the uses of Magical Realism and its significance in the novel Chronicles of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquez s novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is defined as the combination of realism, along with magical and mythical elements such as dreams that come true, superstitions, humor, exaggerations, and the coincidence of bizarre events. A main characteristic was theRead More Honor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez1616 Words   |  7 PagesHonor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez Every culture in the world has its own unique set of values that they adhere to in life. The most important value to people is their honor. Honor is a very important factor in a person life that they will stop at nothing to make sure it is not lost. This endless pursuit of keeping honor can causes both positive and negative effects to a society. The reason honor is a main driving force in a personsRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 Pagesin Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding

What is civilisation Free Essays

Asia but the crucial area for its development was the fertile crescent. China and America soon followed with the development of agriculture. Agriculture is the first sign that shows humans beginning to control nature. We will write a custom essay sample on What is civilisation ? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When enough food was available, people started settling down resulting into more complex developments belonging to civilization. Soon after settling down the domestication of animals began, Only 14 of the animals urine that time were suitable for domestication. Mom requirements for the animals (not all animals had all these attributes) were: Power used in travel and agriculture (e. G. Horse), relatively short maturing time, the ability to produce food such as milk or honey. After these Important developments the wheel, writing, pottery, metaphorically and highly complex houses and monuments were built. This was mostly due to the time people now had (thanks to agriculture and the domestication of animals) to think rather than hunt and gather. Along with highly developed physical objects/items also employ social methods thrived. A sophisticated legal system was formed to solve issues and labor was devised between people (instead of everyone doing the same work). Writing was invented and along with this the study of nature and education became recognized. Philosophical ideas grew and became morals for people. A large piece of our civilization Is due to luck In where our ancestors decided to settle down. We can still see some affects of it today, such as the difference between America (America had very protein rich food) and New Guiana (New Guiana 1 OFF ere ideal the population of a civilization started to grow. Mortality went down but then again disease spread more eagerly. When population grew, a certain hierarchy grew along it. Hierarchy was also present during the Paleolithic age, but now there were more factors and professions that could be classed. People who had some special skill or profession were respected (e. G. Priest or a person who could write). Religion and politics were more separate than before as well. Civilization can never be simply defined, as people have very different views on it. Different subcultures and tribes may have their own concept of it. The standard western definition in my opinion is this: A collection of many factors that enable us to be in control of our surroundings (nature, animals our social lives) and where technology, systems and living conditions are highly advanced. A large population is needed to sustain all these systems. My view and differences between sources In the PDF file about ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt most facts are told without much further explanation or criticism. During our classes Vive noticed, that we must question things to find the best definition for ourselves. Overall there aren’t many differences between the â€Å"facts† told to us from both sources. I enjoy both methods thoroughly and they give a very clear explanation together. One main impact of civilization is that it makes our lives easier via all the inventions. Many people don’t take care of their physical health even though, ! 2 Homo Sapiens were built to hunt and gather. One aspect of civilization, domestication, is useful if not necessary, but it’s MIS-used and we’re killing the planet that we live in (high ICC emissions, cutting down rain forests). We should take example from uncivilized people who mostly respect nature and live mainly on it’s demands. These people could teach us a lot about communication, and how life could be better in general (by being more simple without advanced technology). In my view humans should create more echo-friendly technology and should consume less (e. G. Food and clothes). Civilization shouldn’t go back in time to when it was â€Å"better† ,but instead be offered to all those who want it, and develop more ideas and inventions that compromise between us and nature. How to cite What is civilisation ?, Papers

Tourism in Melbourne Literature Review

Tourism has become one of the most attractive sectors of economy as more and more tourists leave their homes to obtain new experiences in different countries or in other states of their homeland.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This segment of economy is developing very fast but it is still rather unclear what pushes tourists to come to this or that country, and, what is more important, what makes them go to a place several times. Melbourne is becoming one of the busiest touristic destinations (O’Toole 2011). Therefore, the city attracts attention of researchers as well. For instance, Campo-Martà ­nez, Garau-Vadell and Martà ­nez-Ruiz (2009) concentrate on the revisit intention. The researchers note that the group composition plays an important role in formation of tourists’ intention to come back. However, the researchers also point out that negative experiences have a greater impact on tourists than positive experiences. Thus, the researchers make a valuable contribution noting that managerial errors can negatively affect the development of tourism. On the contrary, proper management and marketing strategies make tourists motivated to come back. Interestingly, Prayag and Ryan (2011) looked into the correlation between nationality and motivational aspects between repeat and first-time travellers. For instance, German and South African travellers tend to strive for new experiences. Thus, it is essential to develop certain strategies to provide such tourists with services and experiences they long for. Melbourne is a place where people can obtain a variety of experiences. This city has a high livability index and travellers pay a lot of attention to attributes included in this measurement. Frost et al. (2010) provide valuable insights into the strategies aimed at developing proper image of touristic d estinations. Thus, the authors claim that Australia (and Melbourne, in particular) has developed proper image that attracts travellers.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers note that Melbourne is characterised by major attributes of liveability (e.g. stability, healthcare, culture, environment, infrastructure, education), but it is possible to focus on a specific attribute to attract more visitors (Frost et al. 2010). Coffee traditions and development of the cafà © traditions have made a considerable contribution to the development of tourism in the area. Richards and Palmer (2012) consider numerous strategies aimed at attracting travellers. The researchers stress that Melbourne is becoming a centre of numerous events which are potentially interesting to numerous groups of people (Richards Palmer 2012). Sport events are excessively used to attract traveller s. This is one of the most effective strategies to attract tourists to the city. Music and a variety of art festivals also attract lots of tourists to the area. The researchers note that the events are held annually, which contributes to creation of revisit intention in travellers. O’Toole (2011) focuses on various strategies developed and claims that conceptual methodologies used have proved to be effective. The researcher notes that convergence sampling technique, which is used in the field, is also very effective and helpful in revealing peculiarities of traveller’s motivation. The researcher also emphasizes that launching numerous events enables marketing managers to attract travellers from different countries. These events include business, sport, and art events. In a nutshell, it is possible to note that the major focus of researchers is measuring tourists’ satisfaction and development of strategies to attract travellers. It is necessary to note that there are still numerous gaps to be filled and further research is necessary. It is still unclear what destination attributes attract visitors and make them return. Notably, though the major attributes of liveability have been analysed in detail, their influence on tourists’ choices is still unclear. It is important to understand which liveability attributes attract first-time tourists and repeat visitors to be able to develop proper strategies applicable for the two groups of travellers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More so, Melbourne as one of the most attractive destinations of the present-day travellers should be a topic of further research. Thus, it is crucial to look into the impact Melbourne’s liveability attributes have on the choices made by first time and repeat visitors. Reference List Campo-Martà ­nez, S, Garau-V adell, JB Martà ­nez-Ruiz, MP 2009, ‘Factors inï ¬â€šuencing repeat visits to a destination: the inï ¬â€šuence of group composition’, Tourism Management, vol. xxx, pp. 1-9. Frost, W, Laing, J, Wheeler, F Reeves, K 2010, ‘Coffee culture, heritage and destination image: Melbourne and the Italian model’, in Jolliffe, L (ed), Coffee culture, destinations and tourism, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK, pp. 89-99. O’Toole, W 2011, Events feasibility and development: from strategy to operations, Routledge, Oxford, UK. Prayag, G Ryan, C 2011, ‘The relationship between the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality – an analytical qualitative research approach’, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 14. no.2, pp. 121-143. Richards, G Palmer, R 2012, Eventful cities, Routledge, Oxford, UK. This proposal on Tourism in Melbourne: Literature Review was written and submitted by user Michaela Howe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.